Browsing by Author "Manchanda, Raj Kumar"

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Indian Standard for Globules used in Homoeopathy
(Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, 2025) Vivekanand, Kumar; Katarmal, Daisy; Saxena, Indra Gaurav; Taneja, Divya; Dixit, Shrishti; Manchanda, Raj Kumar
This article aims to describe and critically examine the Indian Standard (IS 18947:2024) for globules used in Homoeopathy, outlining the technical specifications, testing methods, and significance for pharmaceutical quality assurance. The implications of the standard for manufacturers, quality control laboratories, consumers and regulatory bodies engaged in the production and evaluation of homoeopathic drugs are highlighted by presenting a consolidated view of the standard’s scope and applications. This discussion underscores the continued importance of systematic standardization in ensuring the safety, consistency, and global credibility of homoeopathic medicinal products produced in India.
Investigation of the physicochemical behaviour of Acidum citricum homoeopathic dilutions at temperatures from 293.15 K to 318.15 K by using volumetric, acoustic and viscometric methods
(Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, 2025) Nain, Anil Kumar; Chaudhary, Neha; Manchanda, Raj Kumar; Nayak, Debadatta
Background: The physicochemical properties of homoeopathic medicines have been gaining importance in elucidating the physicochemical behaviour (interactions) and, hence in establishing the presence of medicine at ultra-high dilutions. Objective: The present study is aimed to reconnoiter the existence of drug in ultra-diluted medicines and evidence regarding the physicochemical behaviour and prevailing interactions in the dilutions of Acidum citricum. Materials and Methods: The densities (p), ultrasonic speeds (u) and viscosities (n) of pure ethanol control (91% ethanol in water) and 33 dilutions of Acidum citricum of potencies across 1C to 200C at temperatures from 293.15 K to 318.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. Results: The measured data are used to compute the physicochemical parameters, viz., isentropic compressibility (Ks), intermolecular free lengths (Lf), acoustic impedance (Z) relative association (RA), relaxation time (t), ultrasonic absorption (α/f 2) pseudo-Grüneisen parameter (Γ), deviations in isentropic compressibility, (Δks), deviations in intermolecular free length, (ΔLf), deviations in acoustic impedance (ΔZ), deviations in viscosity (Δn) and deviations in pseudo-Grüneisen parameter (ΔΓ). These parameters specified diverse trends at certain potencies of these homoeopathic dilutions. Conclusion: The results are qualitatively interpreted by means of prevailing interactions of these Acidum citricum dilutions. It is observed that the interactions may take place among H+ and citrate ions and the molecular aggregates of water-ethanol, i.e., dissipative structures. The results specified that even in high-dilutions (50C, 110C, 150C and 160C) the molecules of medicine may still exist in these homoeopathic formulations.