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Browsing by Author "Biswas, Bibaswan"

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    Physicochemical, pharmacognostic standardisation and phytochemical analyses of the homoeopathic drug Justicia adhatoda
    (Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, 2025) Biswas, Bibaswan; Patel, Satish; Verma, Digvijay; Maity, Satyajit
    Background: Justicia adhatoda (J. adhatoda), also well known as Vasaka in India is a medicinal plant chiefly used to treat respiratory ailments in traditional and alternative medical systems. Objective: This study aimed to establish the physicochemical, pharmacognostic, and phytochemical standardisation parameters of the drug. The study involved the measurement of physicochemical parameters and chemical profiling of the raw drug. The chemical characteristics of the in-house mother tincture (prepared from in-house raw drug) and commercial mother tinctures available in India were also evaluated to assess the quality of commercially available mother tinctures. Materials and Methods: The present study included pharmacognostic parameters like macroscopic, microscopic, powder studies and physicochemical parameters involving foreign matter, loss on drying, extractive values in different solvents, ash value measurements, total alkaloid content, total fixed oil and total volatile oil of the raw drug. This study also included measurement of various mother tincture parameters, such as organoleptic characteristics, specific gravity, pH, total solids, UV–Vis spectrum, high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), phytochemical screening, total alkaloid content, and chemical profiling of commercial and in-house mother tinctures to assess their comparative quality. Results: The macroscopic and microscopic studies revealed the pharmacognostic characteristics of the leaves. Low ash values indicated low metal contents. The chemical profiling and analysis indicated the presence of the same alkaloid in the raw drug and in the mother tinctures. The drug also contained several phytochemicals. Conclusion: The present study provides pharmacopoeial standards for J. adhatoda.