Browsing by Author "Arul, Vettrivel"

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An in vitro comparative assessment of antidiabetic efficacy
(Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, 2024) Mary Adharshna S.P.; Arul, Vettrivel
Background: Homoeopathic mother tinctures are gaining attention for managing diabetes by inhibiting key enzymes in glucose metabolism. Objective: This study aimed to compare popular homoeopathic mother tinctures Abroma augusta Q (AAQ), Cephalandra indica Q (CIQ), Gymnema sylvestre Q (GSQ), Momordica charantia Q (MCQ) and Syzygium jambolanum Q (SJQ) with Metformin (MET) in inhibiting diabetes associated α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Methods: Mother tinctures AAQ, CIQ, GSQ, MCQ, SJQ and MET of concentrations 10 μL/mL, 50 μL/mL, 100 μL/mL, 250 μL/mL, and 500 μL/mL were assessed through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. Results: All mother tinctures show significant inhibitory action at p < 0.01. AAQ and GSQ exhibited potent inhibition of both enzymes, with inhibitory percentages ranging from 70.41% (500 μL/mL) to 58.98% (10 μL/mL) for α-amylase and 68% (500 μL/mL) to 43.72% (10 μL/mL) for α-glucosidase and 73.98% (500 μL/mL) to 63.66% (10 μL/mL) for α-amylase and 65.31% (500 μL/mL) to 25.99% (10 μL/mL) for α-glucosidase, respectively. AAQ has an IC50 value of 107.9 μL/mL (α-amylase) and 43.87 μL/mL (α-glucosidase) which makes it evidently, a potent antidiabetic mother tincture. Conclusion: AAQ and GSQ demonstrated significant inhibition of diabetes associated enzymes when compared with MET
Mitochondria-mediated apoptotic induction byMitochondria-mediated apoptotic induction by Chionanthus Chionanthus virginica virginica Q: A cytotoxic and oxidative stress-driven approach in Q
(CCRH, 2026) Nair, Arun R; Hariram, Venkateshan; Arul, Vettrivel
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with current therapeutic options limited by late-stage detection, recurrence, and toxicity. Alternative treatments derived from medic-inal plants are gaining attention due to their potential anticancer properties. Chionanthus virginica, traditionally used for liver disorders, contains bioactive compounds with hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects. However, its anticancer potential remains largely unexplored. Objective: This study evaluates the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects of Chionanthus virginica in mother tincture (Q) and potentised (12C) forms on HepG2 liver cancer cells to determine its efficacy as a natural anticancer agent. Materials and methods: HepG2 cells were treated with Chionanthus virginica Q and 12C across defined exposure levels (50–1000 μL/mL; extract-equivalent for Q and volume-equivalent for 12C). Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH assay, while MTT and LDH assays assessed cytotoxicity. Mitochondrial dysfunction was analysed via MMP and cytochrome c release assays, ROS generation was measured by DCFH-DA fluorescence, and caspase activity was quantified using a colorimetric assay. Results: Chionanthus virginica Q showed the strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 101.49 μg/mL) and higher cytotoxicity (CTC50 = 330.35 μg/mL), while the response observed with Chionanthus virginica 12C was interpreted only as a biological effect under volume-equivalent exposure conditions. One-way and two-way ANOVA were performed for statistical significance. LDH release, cytochromec translocation, and ROS levels increased significantly (p < 0.001), leading to mitochondrial depolarisation and caspase activation, confirming apoptosis. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Chionanthus virginica Q induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells via oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, supporting its potential as a natural anticancer agent. Further studies should focus on bioactive compound isolation and in vivo validation.