Screening of antiurolithiatic activity of different formulations of homoeopathic medicines using calcium oxalate crystallisation assay

Abstract

Background: Homoeopathic medicines such as Aerva lanata, Hydrangea arborescens, Berberis vulgaris, and Sarsaparilla are commonly used to treat kidney stones. Scientific research is needed to understand their effects on calcium oxalate crystallisation, a key factor in urolithiasis. Objective: The study evaluated the in vitro effects of Aerva Lanata, Hydrangea Arborescens, Berberis Vulgaris, and Sarsaparilla in Q, 6C, and 30C potencies on calcium oxalate crystallisation. It aimed to identify which potency had the strongest inhibitory effect compared to Ethanol (90%). Methods: Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals were synthesised by mixing calcium chloride and sodium oxalate, then cooled to 37 °C to achieve a concentration of 0.8 mg/mL in Tris buffer (pH 6.5). Homoeopathic remedies (Aerva lanata, Berberis vulgaris, Hydrangea arborescens, and Sarsaparilla in Q, 6 C, and 30 C potencies) and ethanol (90%) were tested at concentrations of 1000 to 10 μg/ml. After 24 hours at 37 °C, turbidity was measured, and crystal morphology was examined under an inverted light microscope. Results: Aerva lanata Q, Aerva lanata 6C, and Berberis vulgaris Q significantly inhibited stone formation compared to the ethanol control group, with Aerva Lanata Q demonstrating the most pronounced effect. Light microscopy revealed diverse crystal morphologies, underscoring the role of Calcium Oxalate crystals in kidney stone formation. Conclusion: Aerva lanata and Berberis vulgaris show potential in inhibiting calcium oxalate crystal formation, suggesting a role in preventing urolithiasis.